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2.
Intensive Crit Care Nurs ; 70: 103206, 2022 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35120794

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: From the beginning, the COVID-19 pandemic increased ICU workloads and created exceptionally difficult ethical dilemmas. ICU staff around the world have been subject to high levels of moral stress, potentially leading to mental health problems. There is only limited evidence on moral distress levels and coping styles among Spanish ICU staff, and how they influenced health professionals' mental health during the pandemic. OBJECTIVES: To assess moral distress, related mental health problems (anxiety and depression), and coping styles among ICU staff during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: The study setting consisted of intensive care unit and areas converted into intensive care units in public and private hospitals. A total of 434 permanent and temporary intensive care staff (reassigned due to the pandemic from other departments to units) answered an online questionnaire between March and June 2020. METHODS: Sociodemographic and job variables, moral distress, anxiety, depression, and coping mechanisms were anonymously evaluated through a self-reported questionnaire. Descriptive and correlation analyses were conducted and multivariate linear regression models were developed to explore the predictive ability of moral distress and coping on anxiety and depression. RESULTS: Moral distress during the pandemic is determined by situations related to the patient and family, the intensive care unit, and resource management of the organisations themselves. intensive care unit staff already reached moderate levels of moral distress, anxiety, and depression during the first wave of the pandemic. Temporary staff (redeployed from other units) obtained higher scores in these variables (p = 0.04, p = 0.038, and p = 0.009, respectively) than permanent staff, as well as in greater intention to leave their current position (p = 0.03). This intention was also stronger in health staff working in areas converted into intensive care units (45.2%) than in normal intensive care units (40.2%) (p = 0.02). Moral distress, coupled with primarily avoidance-oriented coping styles, explains 37% (AdR2) of the variance in anxiety and 38% (AdR2) of the variance in depression. CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals that the emotional well-being of intensive care unit staff was already at risk during the first wave of the pandemic. The moral distress they experienced was related to anxiety and depression issues, as well as the desire to leave the profession, and should be addressed, not only in permanent staff, but also in temporary staff, redeployed to these units as reinforcement workers.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Angústia Psicológica , Adaptação Psicológica , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Princípios Morais , Pandemias , Inquéritos e Questionários
3.
J Clin Nurs ; 31(15-16): 2309-2323, 2022 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34542199

RESUMO

AIM: To explore the main feelings and coping strategies among frontline critical care workers during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic and to evaluate the level of satisfaction after a psychological crisis and emergency intervention. BACKGROUND: The health crisis brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed critical care workers to an intense physical and emotional burden. Scientific research recommends psychological crisis and emergency interventions during the acute phase to help cope with the situation and prevent emotional side effects. DESIGN: A multicentre descriptive study with mixed qualitative and quantitative data was developed. METHODS: Healthcare and non-healthcare critical care workers from 16 hospitals were included. Psychological crisis assistance was given (for individuals and groups), both face-to-face and online, with 18 psychologists for two months. Content analysis from the psychologists' session reports after each intervention was performed (COREQ). Satisfaction with the intervention was assessed with an 'ad hoc' 21-item online survey. RESULTS: A total of 553 interventions were carried out (361 individually and 192 in groups). Four themes were identified: 1-Imbalance between occupational demands and resources; 2-Acute stress responses; 3-Personal and professional consequences; and 4-Protection factors. The main protection factor identified was group cohesion and perceived social support. The mean general satisfaction with the intervention was high and 96.2% (n=252) of the participants would recommend it in future. CONCLUSIONS: A psychological crisis and emergency intervention helped critical care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic to verbalise and integrate the situation, providing strategies to cope with the experience with a high level of satisfaction from the participants assisted. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: During the COVID-19 pandemic, support groups guided by psychologists fostered reflection on aspects related to work, interaction with patients and relatives and social support from workmates that help them for coping with stress, share emotions and experiences and feel understood.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Cuidados Críticos , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Humanos , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2
4.
Enferm. intensiva (Ed. impr.) ; 32(4): 224-226, Octubre - Diciembre 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-220870

RESUMO

Objetivo: Evaluar el desasosiego moral (DM) entre los profesionales sanitarios que trabajan en unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) en España. Diseño: Estudio prospectivo transversal. Ámbito: UCI en España. Participantes: Profesionales sanitarios que actualmente trabajan en UCI españolas. Intervenciones: Se distribuyó electrónicamente un cuestionario de 55 ítems. Variables principales: El cuestionario incluía las características sociodemográficas y laborales, la versión en español de la Medida de desasosiego moral para profesionales sanitarios (MMD-HP-SPA) y la Encuesta de clima ético hospitalario (HECS). Resultados: En total 1.065 profesionales sanitarios de cuidados intensivos completaron el cuestionario. Tres de cuatro hipótesis de validez fueron apoyadas. El DM fue significativamente mayor entre los médicos (80, IQR 40-135) que entre las enfermeras (61, IQR 35-133, p = 0,026). El DM fue significativamente más alto para aquellos médicos que estaban considerando dejar su puesto de trabajo (78, IQR 46-163 vs. 61, IQR 32-117; p < 0,001). El MMD-HP-SPA se correlacionó inversamente con el HECS (r = -0,277, p < 0,001). Un análisis factorial exploratorio reveló una estructura de cuatro factores, evidenciando los niveles de paciente, equipo y sistema del DM. Conclusiones: En este estudio los intensivistas refirieron niveles de DM más altos que las enfermeras. Se deben implementar estrategias para mejorar el clima ético en las UCI y corregir otros factores relacionados, con el fin de mitigar el DM en lo que atañe al paciente, al equipo y al sistema. Ambos grupos de profesionales manifestaron una intención relevante de abandonar su puesto de trabajo debido al DM. Se necesitan más estudios para determinar en qué medida el DM influye sobre su deseo de abandonar su puesto de trabajo. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , 24960 , Moral , Ética , Pessoal de Saúde , Espanha
6.
Med. segur. trab ; 65(257): 252-260, oct.-dic. 2019. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-202589

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los Médicos Internos Residentes (MIR) realizan guardias de 17 horas en los hospitales españoles. Dicho trabajo nocturno provoca una alteración del ritmo circadiano que puede desencadenar disfunciones en el estado físico y emocional. OBJETIVOS: Conocer el grado de afectación física y emocional que generan las guardias en los MIR y los factores que afectan dicha relación. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Los participantes aleatorizados de un hospital terciario, cumplimentan un cuestionario, antes y después de la realización de la guardia, con variables sociodemográficas y test validados en su versión española: Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory y la subescala de apoyo jerárquico de KARASEK. RESULTADOS: Se realiza análisis estadístico de n=150 residentes. De los residentes que conducen tras la guardia, un 17,98% sufrieron un accidente in itinere. La sensación de bienestar se vio reducida tras la guardia de forma estadísticamente significativa, al contrario que la de malestar (p < 0,05). Y el mayor grado de fatiga tras la guardia se centra en la somnolencia y en menor grado la falta de motivación. CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio supone una estimación validada de los efectos del trabajo nocturno continuado de los MIR. Los resultados obtenidos podrían sugerir replantearse la organización del trabajo debido a los efectos negativos para el bienestar de los médicos del futuro


INTRODUCTION: Medical Internal Residents perform 17-hour shifts at Spanish hospitals. Such night work causes an alteration of the circadian rhythm that can trigger disturbances in the physical and emotional state. OBJECTIVES: To know the degree of physical and emotional affectation that the night shifts generate in Medical Residents and the factors that affect this relationship. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Before and after their 17-hour shift, the randomized participants from a tertiary referral hospital complete a questionnaire with socio-demographic variables and tests validated in their Spanish version: Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory and the subscale of hierarchical support of KARASEK. RESULTS: Statistical analysis of n = 150 residents of a hospital was carried out. Among the residents who drive after the 17-hour shift, 17.98% suffered a commuting accident. The pleasant experiences were reduced after shifts in a statistically significant difference (p <0.05), compared to the discomforting ones. The highest degree of fatigue after shifts is focused on drowsiness, and to a lesser degree, on a lack of motivation. CONCLUSIONS: This study supposes a validated estimate of the effects of the continuous work shift of Medical Residents. The results obtained could suggest reconsidering the organization of work given the negative effects for the well-being of future physicians


Assuntos
Humanos , Jornada de Trabalho em Turnos/efeitos adversos , Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Síndrome do Jet Lag/epidemiologia , Internato e Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Impactos da Poluição na Saúde/análise , 16360
7.
Med. segur. trab ; 63(247): 103-119, abr.-jun. 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-167601

RESUMO

La evolución científica y técnica de la atención sanitaria mantienen un desarrollo exponencial que permite cada vez una mejor asistencia a los pacientes, nuevas formas de tratamiento y crecientes índices de supervivencia. Sin embargo, estos importantes avances que enriquecen la atención a la salud, en muchas ocasiones, han ido invadiendo espacio al propio acto humano de la atención a la persona. Potenciar organizaciones más humanizadas implicará establecer acciones dirigidas al ambiente y lugar de trabajo, así como a todos los agentes implicados (pacientes, familiares y profesionales). Con dicha finalidad, las políticas de Humanización y su aplicación al contexto sanitario son una realidad en nuestros días y están concretándose en algunas propuestas específicas en determinadas organizaciones, con el apoyo de algunos organismos oficiales. En el presente trabajo, señalamos la interacción entre los objetivos de dichas políticas de humanización y las metas de la salud laboral en contextos asistenciales. Se exploran áreas comunes de trabajo dirigidas al bienestar del profesional sanitario, posibilidades de gestión integral de ambos conceptos, y se expone un ejemplo concreto como es el Proyecto de Humanización de las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (HU-CI) (AU)


The scientific and technical evolution of health care keeps growing exponentially, thus allowing a better patient care, new treatment forms and increasing survival rates. However, these important advances that improve health care have in many cases invaded the space that once belonged to the human act of caring. Promoting more humanized organizations will imply to establish actions directed to the environment and the workplace, as well as to all involved agents (patients, relatives and professionals). To that end, the humanization policies and their application to the health context are a reality in our days. These policies are being materialized in some specific proposals of certain organizations with the support of some official agencies. In this present work, we point out the interaction between the objectives of these humanization policies and the goals of occupational health in health care contexts. Common areas of work promoting the wellbeing for health professionals and the possibilities of integral management of both concepts are explored. Lastly, we provide a concrete example, like the Humanization Project of Intensive Care Units (HU-CI) (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Humanização da Assistência , Serviços de Saúde do Trabalhador/organização & administração , Assistência Centrada no Paciente/organização & administração , Melhoria de Qualidade/tendências , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/organização & administração , Relações Profissional-Paciente , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Esgotamento Profissional/psicologia
8.
Med. segur. trab ; 60(235): 392-405, abr.-jun. 2014. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-129605

RESUMO

Los autores, siguiendo las recomendaciones internacionales, revisamos la situación actual en nuestro medio y proponemos unas líneas generales de actuación, para asegurar una adecuada reincorporación laboral de la persona, la adaptación del puesto de trabajo (desempeño de tareas, interacción del trabajador con equipos y lugares de trabajo, etc.) y el correcto funcionamiento de la organización. Con ello se pretende evitar situaciones de estigmatización y favorecer la adaptación del trabajo a la persona


The authors, following the international recommendations, we check the current situation in our way and propose a few general lines of performance, to assure a suitable labour reincorporation of the person, the adjustment of the working place (performance of tasks, interaction of the worker with equipments and places of work, etc.) and the correct functioning of the organization. With it one tries to avoid situations of estigmatización and to favor the adjustment of the work to the person


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/reabilitação , Reabilitação Vocacional/métodos , Retorno ao Trabalho/estatística & dados numéricos , Estereotipagem , Discriminação Social/prevenção & controle , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções
9.
Rev. psicol. trab. organ. (1999) ; 29(3): 145-151, dic. 2013. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-119112

RESUMO

El distanciamiento psicológico del trabajo permite unos procesos de desconexión física y psicológica del trabajo cuyos efectos sobre la salud han sido poco estudiados en estudios longitudinales. El objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar en el conocimiento del papel del distanciamiento psicológico y sus relaciones con la ansiedad, la satisfacción con la vida y el vigor en el trabajo. Se ha efectuado un estudio longitudinal con seis meses de intervalo en dos tiempos en una muestra de 348 sujetos, comparando cuatro modelos de interacción en el tiempo: modelo de estabilidad, de causalidad normal, causalidad inversa y causalidad recíproca. La inclusión de un modelo de causalidad recíproca entre el distanciamiento y las variables dependientes mejora notablemente la explicación de los resultados, según la bondad de ajuste de la metodología de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados indican que los procesos de distanciamiento y de bienestar emocional mantienen una relación de influencia mutua a lo largo del tiempo, lo que abre nuevas líneas de intervención y prevención del estrés en las organizaciones (AU)


The psychological detachment from work provides a physical and psychological disconnection, the effects of which on job's health have been little studied in longitudinal studies. The aim of this paper is to understand the role of psychological detachment and its relationship with anxiety, satisfaction with life, and vigor at work. A longitudinal study has been conducted in two times with six-month of interval in a sample of 348 subjects, comparing four models of interaction over time: a model of stability, causality normal, reverse causality, and reciprocal causation. The inclusion of a model of reciprocal causality between the psychological detachment and the dependent variables significantly improves the explanation of the results, according to the goodness of fit of structural equation methodology. The results indicate that the processes of psychological detachment and emotional well-being maintain a relationship of mutual influence over time, opening new lines of intervention and prevention of stress in organizations (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Satisfação Pessoal , Esgotamento Profissional/prevenção & controle , Descanso/psicologia , Espaço Pessoal , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Autoeficácia , Estresse Psicológico/prevenção & controle
10.
BMC Fam Pract ; 14: 173, 2013 Nov 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24237937

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Burnout syndrome is an important health problem that affects many professionals and must be addressed globally, with both organizational measures and personal interventions. Burnout of health professionals can be prevented in order to avoid personal, familial, and social consequences, as well as repercussions for patients. METHODS/DESIGN: This work describes a protocol for a controlled, pragmatic, randomized clinical trial in 2 parallel groups: intervention and control. All health professionals from 7 health care centers will form the intervention group, and all health professionals from 7 different health care centers will form the control group. The intervention group will receive 16 hours of training at their work place. The Maslach's burnout inventory, the Cuestionario de Desgaste Profesional Médico or the Cuestionario de Desgaste Profesional de Enfermería, and the 28-item Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire, validated for our setting, will be used as measurement tools. Change in the average scores from the Maslach's burnout inventory emotional exhaustion scale will be compared between the intervention and control groups, measured as intention-to-treat, and the intervention will be considered effective if a minimum decrease of 20% is achieved. DISCUSSION: Due to the deleterious consequences of burnout syndrome for people suffering from it and for the organization where they work, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of certain interventions for its prevention. Organizational measures are important for preventing burnout syndrome, but so is providing professionals with coping strategies, as this group intervention intends to do. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on June 10, 2013. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01870154.


Assuntos
Esgotamento Profissional/prevenção & controle , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/psicologia , Médicos de Atenção Primária/psicologia , Enfermagem de Atenção Primária , Esgotamento Profissional/terapia , Humanos , Resultado do Tratamento
11.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 24(2): 266-270, abr.-jun. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-97822

RESUMO

Research on burnout and turnover intentions offers some inconsistent findings about the effects of commitment. In addition, a factor which is insufficiently studied in the turnover fi ld is the relationship with the recipient of physicians’ work, that is, the patient. This study contributes to the research literature by examining how the moderating effect of commitment depends on difficult doctor-patient relations. A total of 480 physicians, representative of Madrid, completed the survey. According to the interaction effects and the three-way interaction analyses, the results support the argument that differences in commitment lead to differences in the way physicians perceive job, interpersonal, and chronic stress. These results add a new approach to the general assumption that commitment has a unilateral negative effect, and difficult patients have a positive effect on turnover intentions, suggesting an integrated perspective, rather than a diametrical one, that allows us comprehend the complexity of physicians’ turnover intentions (AU)


Las investigaciones sobre las relaciones entre el burnout y las intenciones de abandono muestran algunos datos inconsistentes en cuanto al efecto del compromiso. Asimismo, un factor relevante aunque insuficientemente investigado en el estudio de las intenciones de abandono es el relativo al efecto que tiene las actitudes del paciente en el proceso. En esta investigación abordamos el efecto moderador que los niveles de compromiso y las dificultades en las relaciones médico-paciente pueden tener en el proceso. Mediante una muestra representativa de 480 médicos los resultados mostraron efectos significativos en los análisis de regresión y de interacción triple. Estos resultados indican que las diferencias encontradas en cuanto a los niveles de compromiso inciden directamente en la percepción de las distintas fuentes de estrés médico tanto relacionadas con su trabajo, como con las relaciones interpersonales. Los resultados introducen una nueva aproximación al proceso de burnout y las intenciones de abandono mostrando que no existen efectos unilaterales negativos en el caso del compromiso y positivos en el caso del manejo de pacientes difíciles. En este sentido se hace necesaria una perspectiva integradora que nos permita comprender la complejidad del proceso por el que un profesional decide abandonar su puesto de trabajo (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Esgotamento Profissional/psicologia , Relações Médico-Paciente , Esgotamento Profissional/prevenção & controle , Esgotamento Profissional/fisiopatologia , Revelação da Verdade , Médicos/psicologia
12.
Psicothema ; 24(2): 263-70, 2012 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22420355

RESUMO

Research on burnout and turnover intentions offers some inconsistent findings about the effects of commitment. In addition, a factor which is insufficiently studied in the turnover field is the relationship with the recipient of physicians' work, that is, the patient. This study contributes to the research literature by examining how the moderating effect of commitment depends on difficult doctor-patient relations. A total of 480 physicians, representative of Madrid, completed the survey. According to the interaction effects and the three-way interaction analyses, the results support the argument that differences in commitment lead to differences in the way physicians perceive job, interpersonal, and chronic stress. These results add a new approach to the general assumption that commitment has a unilateral negative effect, and difficult patients have a positive effect on turnover intentions, suggesting an integrated perspective, rather than a diametrical one, that allows us comprehend the complexity of physicians' turnover intentions.


Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Esgotamento Profissional/psicologia , Lealdade ao Trabalho , Reorganização de Recursos Humanos , Relações Médico-Paciente , Médicos/psicologia , Adulto , Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Esgotamento Profissional/prevenção & controle , Coleta de Dados , Feminino , Humanos , Satisfação no Emprego , Masculino , Medicina , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Amostragem , Espanha/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/etiologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
13.
Med. segur. trab ; 57(supl.1): 127-144, 2011. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-98992

RESUMO

La motivación laboral es la principal razón del fenómeno migratorio. Supone romper barreras culturales, idiomáticas, tradiciones y vínculos afectivos, planteando a su vez retos personales, familiares, sociales y culturales, tanto en la sociedad de origen como en la receptora. Los procesos migratorios no suponen por si mismos problemas de salud mental, pero si plantean situaciones de alta vulnerabilidad y retos de integración. Partiendo de una conceptualización de la salud mental como un bienestar físico, psicológico y social, en el presente artículo revisaremos la situación de esa fuerza trabajadora atendiendo a la complejidad de su situación legal, social y laboral y cómo todo ello se relaciona con su salud mental y salud laboral (AU)


Working motivation is the main reason of the migratory phenomenon. It means breaking with cultural, social and language barriers, both in the society of origin as in the receiving. Migration processes do not themselves involve mental health problems, but they raise situations of high vulnerability and challenges of integration. Based on a conceptualization of mental health as the physical, psychological and social well-being, in the present article we will review the legal status, social and labour, and how this relates to their mental and occupational health (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Saúde Ocupacional/tendências , Saúde Mental/tendências , Saúde das Minorias/tendências , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Comparação Transcultural , Migração Humana/legislação & jurisprudência
14.
Med. segur. trab ; 57(supl.1): 188-205, 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-98995

RESUMO

Numerosos estudios han demostrado las relaciones entre condiciones psicosociales del trabajo y la salud mental de los empleados, y especialmente cómo la combinación de bajo control percibido y altas demandas laborales predicen determinados problemas de salud mental. Trastornos mentales tales como los de ansiedad y depresión tienen un efecto muy negativo sobre la calidad de vida y la capacidad funcional en el trabajo. Además, la salud mental del trabajador puede afectar a la percepción de las características del trabajo. Como consecuencia, es fundamental diseñar trabajos saludables, programas de reducción de estrés para los empleados y para la reincorporación laboral de empleados con trastornos mentales. El objetivo del presente artículo es revisar las principales líneas de prevención, detección e intervención en las organizaciones, que pueden promover políticas saludables para la atención e integración de los trabajadores con trastorno mental (AU)


Numerous studies have demonstrated the relationship between psychosocial work conditions and the mental health of employees, and especially the combination of low perceived control and high labor demands predicts mental health problems. Mental health disorders such us anxiety or depression have a big detrimental effect on the individual’s quality of life and the ability to function in the workplace. Mental health may also affect the perception of work characteristics. As a consequence, it is essential to design healthy jobs, stress reduction programs and return to work programs for employees with mental disorders. The aim of this paper is to review the main lines of prevention, detection and intervention in organizations that can promote healthy policies for the care and integration of workers with mental disorder (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , 16360 , Reabilitação Vocacional/tendências , Serviços de Saúde do Trabalhador/estatística & dados numéricos , Riscos Ocupacionais , Diagnóstico Precoce , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções
15.
Med. segur. trab ; 56(221): 306-322, oct.-dic. 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-94563

RESUMO

Introducción: El constructo “trastorno mental grave” (TMG) puede ser muy útil en la práctica clínica y no sólo en el ámbito de la gestión de los recursos, al permitir diseñar intervenciones preventivas, diagnósticas y terapéuticas efectivas, especialmente en el sector servicios y en profesiones de alta fiabilidad y seguridad (sanidad, defensa, transporte, etc.) en las que los errores suelen tener consecuencias directas adversas para la vida de las personas y los que se debe garantizar la máxima calidad y la seguridad de los usuarios.Objetivos: Revisar los principales aspectos a considerar en la elaboración de protocolos de intervención laboral ante trastornos mentales graves.Método: Revisión de la bibliografía disponible.Conclusiones: Se proponen herramientas y procedimientos de utilidad para afrontar los casos clínicosgraves en el ámbito laboral sanitario, mejorar la calidad asistencial y contribuir a garantizar la seguridad de los usuarios y de los sanitarios enfermos (AU)


Introduction: The concept of “serious mental disorder” (SMD) can be very useful in clinical medical practice, not only in the management resources area, allowing to design preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic effective interventions, but also in service area and in high reliability and security professions, such as health,defence, transport and so on. In these cases mistakes use to have direct and adverse consequences for people’s life that is way a maximum quality and safety must be guaranteed for the users.Objective: To check the principal aspects to consider in the production of intervention protocols formental serious disorders in the workplace.Method: Review of the available bibliography. Conclusions: This article proposes tools and procedures to deal with serious clinical cases in health professional field in order to improve the attendance quality, contributing to the safety of the health workers and users (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Local de Trabalho/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Intervenção na Crise/organização & administração , Gestão da Segurança/organização & administração , Avaliação de Resultado de Ações Preventivas/métodos , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia
16.
Med. segur. trab ; 56(220): 226-247, jul.-sept. 2010. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-92627

RESUMO

En el lugar de trabajo se hacen patentes las relaciones interpersonales entre los trabajadores, se expresan las subjetividades de cada individuo, se toman decisiones influenciadas por estilos personales, estilos de liderazgo, etc. Todo en el trabajo es “personal”. Los individuos con trastornos de personalidad son altos consumidores de asistencia médica por sintomatología sin diagnóstico claro, el trastorno converge en numerosas ocasiones con otros tipos de alteraciones psiquiátricas y media en complicaciones sociales. Tanto para la medicina general, psiquiátrica, como laboral, se trata en muchas ocasiones de personas de difícil manejo. Siguiendo una línea de trabajo en la que analizamos la interacción entre salud mental y trabajo, el objetivo del presente artículo es realizar una exposición de los diferentes trastornos de la personalidad revisando suscaracterísticas, identificación y criterios diagnósticos, analizando su posible expresión en el lugar de trabajo y señalando alguna de las principales líneas de afrontamiento y manejo, tanto laboral como clínico (AU)


In the working place the relationships between workers are shown, each individual’s subjectivities are expressed, and the decisions made are influenced by personal styles, leadership styles, etc. Everything atwork is “personal.” Individuals with personality disorders are high consumers of medical care due to symptoms with no clear diagnosis, the disorder on numerous occasions converge with another types of psychiatric alterations and it is involved in social complications. For general, psychiatric and labour medicine, most of the times,these are people difficult to manage. Following a line of work in which we analyzed the interaction between mental health and work, the objective of this document is to present the different personality disorders reviewing their characteristics, identification and diagnostic criteria, analyzing their possible expression in the working place, and pointing outsome of the main lines for their assumption and management, both from a labour and clinic standpoint(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos da Personalidade/epidemiologia , Comportamento Social , Relações Interpessoais , Relações Trabalhistas , Riscos Ocupacionais
17.
Rev. latinoam. psicol ; 42(1): 63-73, ene.-abr. 2010. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-637055

RESUMO

El Trabajo Emocional (TE) es un constructo multidimensional que alude a la carga emocional, la valencia de la misma, su variedad y a su relación con el puesto de trabajo o con la cultura organizacional, así como con la efectividad del desempeño y el bienestar del trabajador. El objetivo de la presente investigación es el estudio y análisis del constructo de TE, así como la propuesta de un instrumento para su evaluación, recogiendo no sólo las dimensiones clásicas del constructo (i.e. disonancia emocional), sino también aquellos aspectos directamente vinculados con normas organizacionales del TE. Con una población española de cajeras (N=458), los análisis de fiabilidad, validez factorial y criterial, mostraron resultados psicométricos adecuados. Asimismo, dentro de la validez de criterio se refrendaron los estudios que señalan la relación entre el TE y el desgaste profesional.


Emotional Labour (EL) is a multidimensional concept, related to display positive and negative emotions, its variety and frequency, emotional requirements of job role, and to control the interaction process. These elements influence worker performance and psychological well-being. The aim of this research was to study and analysis the EL construct and it multidimensional nature as well as to develop an instrument to assess not only the classical dimensions of it (i.e. emotional dissonance) but also organizational rules that regulate emotional requirements of job roles. Results on Spanish cashiers (N=458) shown excellent psychometric data on reliability, construct, and criteria validity. As regards criteria validity, results ratify previous data related to the relation between EL and burnout.

18.
Med. segur. trab ; 55(217): 12-26, oct.-dic. 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-87397

RESUMO

Introducción: Es comúnmente aceptado que el grado de satisfacción o bienestar de los trabajadoresen su entorno profesional se relaciona de forma directa con la productividad y calidad del servicioprestado. En el caso de los técnicos de drogodependencias los estudios realizados sobre calidad de vidaprofesional son particularmente escasos, siendo ésta una población sometida a importantes estresoreslaborales relacionados con la carga emocional de la tarea, tipo de pacientes, necesidad de trabajo enequipo, etc.Objetivo: El objetivo principal es analizar la relación existente entre la calidad de vida profesionaly el desgaste profesional en técnicos de drogodependencias, comparando este grupo profesional conotros profesionales sanitarios que realizan su labor en otros campos y con profesionales nosanitarios.Material y método: Se ha realizado un estudio transversal y descriptivo en una muestra total de 233sujetos. El 33% (n =77) desarrollan su actividad laboral en el ámbito de las drogodependencias, 79 sujetos(33.3%) ejercen su profesión en el área sanitaria, y las 77 personas restantes (33%) pertenecen al grupo depoblación general trabajadora. Todos ellos contestaron de forma anónima el Cuestionario de Calidad deVida Profesional (CVP 35) y el Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).Resultados y conclusiones: Los profesionales de drogodependencias presentan menores puntuacionesde de calidad de vida profesional y mayores de desgaste profesional que otros grupos profesionales, siendoésta diferencia significativa respecto al grupo de trabajadores no sanitarios. Aspectos de la calidad de vidaprofesional tales como la carga de trabajo, la motivación intrínseca y el apoyo directivo tienen efectos directo (AU)


Introduction: It is widely known that employees’ job satisfaction and well-being is related to itsproductivity and quality of work. In the case of drug dependence technicians, existing research about itsprofessional quality of life is scarce, being this a group exposed to several job stressors linked to emotionalworkload, patients, work team, etc.Aim: The main purpose is to analyze the relationship between professional quality of life and burnoutin drug dependence technicians, compared to other sanitary and no sanitary professionals groups.Material and method: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 233. 33%(n =77) are workers of drug dependence sector, 79 subjects work at sanitary area, and the rest of the sample(n =77) are general working population. All participants completed anonymously the Professional Quality ofLife Questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory.Results and conclusions: Drug dependence professionals showed lower professional quality of lifescores and higher of burnout than other groups. Several aspects of professional quality of life such asworkload, intrinsic motivation, and supervisor support showed a main effect on burnout, confirming itsimportance in preventing burnout (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Centros de Tratamento de Abuso de Substâncias , Esgotamento Profissional/psicologia , Satisfação no Emprego , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Pessoal de Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários
19.
Med. segur. trab ; 55(214): 41-63, ene.-mar. 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-90731

RESUMO

La distinción entre sentimientos de tristeza normal, síndrome de desgaste profesional y los trastornos depresivos propiamente dichos, no siempre es fácil. En demasiadas ocasiones se carece de protocolos de actuación adecuados y las propias condiciones laborales impiden un abordaje satisfactorio e integral; es más, dichas condiciones pueden incluso actuar como desencadenantes, mantenedores o mediadores de muchos de estos problemas.La depresión es una enfermedad como otra cualquiera y que nos puede pasar a cualquiera, pero en más de la mitad de los casos tiende a cronificarse y/o complicarse con otras enfermedades. Las consecuencias serán muy negativas, tanto en los trabajadores como en las organizaciones, si no se diagnostica de forma precoz y no se trata de forma efectiva. Con este objetivo, se revisa cada subtipo de trastorno, sus posibles efectos y reconocimiento en el trabajo, el abordaje de la persona afectada y el tratamiento (AU)


The distinction among normal feelings of sadness, burnout and depressive disorders is not always easy to differentiate. In too many occasions, we lack the accurate procedures to deal with these problems and very often work conditions are an impediment to carry out a satisfactory and complete approach. These conditions can even originate, keep or mediate in many of the cases.Depression is a disease as any other and anyone can have it, but more of the 50% of the cases tend to cronify or complicate with other diseases. If we don’t do an early diagnosis to treat it in an effective way, the consequences will be very negative for workers and organizations. With this purpose we review each type of depressive disorder, its possible effects and recognition at work to approach an treat the ill person (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtorno Depressivo/epidemiologia , Serviços de Saúde do Trabalhador/estatística & dados numéricos , Local de Trabalho/psicologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Transtornos de Adaptação/diagnóstico , Esgotamento Profissional/diagnóstico
20.
Span J Psychol ; 10(2): 449-57, 2007 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17992971

RESUMO

The aim of the present study was to validate a reduced Spanish version of the Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ; Einarsen & Raknes, 1997). This instrument, which has been widely used in various studies, was developed to measure workplace bullying. Two samples, the first comprising 352 employees from 11 organizations, and the second comprising victims of bullying who were recruited from 15 Spanish associations against bullying, participated in the study. Exploratory factor analysis conducted with the data from the first sample revealed a two-factor solution that accounted for 63.3% of the total variance. The data from the second sample were used for confirmatory factor analyses to compare three structure models of the NAQ (one factor, two independent factors, and two correlated factors). The results indicate that the correlated two-factor model provided the best fit to the data (chi2/df = 2.1, CFI = .93, GFI = .95, RMR = .04, RMSEA = .06, AIC = 215.4). Reliability analysis showed that this 14-item Spanish version had high internal consistency. Significant correlations between the NAQ and its dimensions and diverse health and perceived stress scales were found, which provided evidence of construct validity. Taken conjointly, the results of this study support the use of the Spanish version of the reduced NAQ in future research.


Assuntos
Afeto , Comércio , Inquéritos e Questionários , Local de Trabalho/psicologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Idioma , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espanha
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